bing tracking image

5 Things to Know About Weight Distribution Hitches

If your trailer's swaying has you white-knuckling the wheel, if steering and stopping your rig is a harrowing experience, or if your tow vehicle's headlights are pointed toward the sky, you probably need a weight distribution hitch. A weight distribution hitch (or weight distribution system) helps to ensure a smooth, level ride and allows you to tow at the maximum capacity allowed by your hitch. It also helps to correct tow vehicle sag, improve steering and stopping, and—when used with sway control—correct trailer sway.Read on to learn:

What is a Weight Distribution Hitch, and How Does It Work?

What is a Weight Distribution Hitch?

A weight distribution hitch is a system designed to create a level, stable ride when you tow a trailer. Basically, a weight distribution hitch will help keep your towing setup level and make sure the weight of your trailer doesn't cause undue stress on your vehicle.
Weight Distribution Hitch

What Happens to Your Vehicle When you Tow a Trailer?

To understand why a weight distribution hitch works, it's important to understand what happens to your vehicle when you tow a heavy trailer behind it. When you tow a trailer with a standard, rear-mounted hitch, your trailer's tongue weight is transferred to the rear axle of your tow vehicle. This can weigh down your vehicle's back end and cause the front end to point upward, especially on vehicles that have suspension designed for everyday comfort. If this happens, your vehicle's rear axle will bear the weight of not only the trailer, but much of your tow vehicle's weight as well. What's more, the lessened weight on the vehicle's front axle can diminish your steering, traction, and stopping power. Your view of the road may be limited due to the awkward angle, and you may experience increased trailer sway.
Vehicle and trailer without weight distribution
Without a weight distribution hitch: the additional weight of the trailer on the vehicle's rear axle causes the vehicle's back end to sag and the front end to point upward.
How Does Weight Distribution Help?Weight distribution systems use spring bars to help combat these issues. Spring bars apply leverage to either side of your setup, which transfers the load at the rear of the vehicle to all axles on your tow vehicle and trailer. This even distribution of weight results in a smooth, level ride, as well as the ability to tow at the maximum capacity of your hitch.
Vehicle and trailer with weight distribution
Weight Distribution Hitch Correction

When Do You Need a Weight Distribution Hitch?

Your tow vehicle's owner's manual should provide you with tow weight specifications and information regarding weight distribution use. For instance, the 2018 Chevy Traverse owner's manual states that weight distribution and sway control are required when towing a trailer over 5,000 lbs.For safety and liability reasons, you should always comply with manufacturer instructions. If you choose not to, and a problem arises, your insurance company may not be there to help (especially for a commercial business) since you chose to ignore manufacturer recommendations.Even if you are within the towing limits set by your equipment, vehicle manufacturer, etc., there are other indicators that you may benefit from a weight distribution hitch, including:
  • Your trailer weight (GTW) is more than 50% of your vehicle's weight (GVWR)
  • The rear of your tow vehicle sags when the trailer is hooked up
  • You experience trailer sway
  • Your tow vehicle's headlights point upward
  • You find it difficult to steer or stop your rig
  • You want to tow to the highest capacity allowed by your trailer hitch
Weight Distribution vs AirbagsA common question we receive is whether weight distribution or airbags are needed when the rear of the vehicle sags beneath a load. The recommendation is as follows:Vehicle sag due to load in the truck bed: airbagsVehicle sag due to trailer connection: weight distribution
Weight Distribution Hitch - Truck Towing Trailer

Does a Weight Distribution Hitch Increase Towing Capacity?

If your hitch is rated for use with weight distribution, the weight distribution system will allow you to tow at the maximum capacity of the hitch. Weight distribution doesn't "increase" your hitch's capacity so much as it allows the hitch to be used at its maximum capacity. Check the hitch's ratings to determine your towing capacity with and without weight distribution. Note that only designated Class III, IV, or V hitches may be used with weight distribution systems.You should also note that a weight distribution system does not increase the towing capacity of your vehicle. Your towing system will only be as strong as its lowest-rated component. You should always abide by the stated towing capacities of your vehicle and towing equipment. Failure to do so can result in equipment damage or failure.Keep in mind that not all hitches are designed for use with weight distribution systems. Always check the trailer hitch's weight rating label for a weight distribution towing capacity. If there is no such capacity listed, then a weight distribution system cannot be used.
Weight Distribution Sticker Label - With vs Without Weight Distribution
Example: The top sticker indicates that a weight distribution hitch may be used. Using weight distribution will allow you to tow up to 12,000 lbs rather than 8,000 lbs. The bottom label indicates that a weight distribution hitch may not be used.
Weight Distribution Hitch

Can Weight Distribution Be Used with Surge Brakes?

Only specified weight distribution hitches can be used with surge brakes. Most chain-style systems are not compatible with surge brakes as they do not allow for enough back and forth movement of the trailer to activate the actuator.Some manufacturers have rated their chain-style weight distribution systems as surge brake compatible, but you should note that adding friction sway control bars to these systems will make the system incompatible with surge brakes. To make sure your brakes operate at maximum effectiveness and are not prevented from compressing, it is recommended that you do not use a chain/snap-up bracket system with your surge brakes. You can shop for weight distribution hitches compatible with surge brakes. You can also browse systems compatible with electric brakes.
Weight Distribution Hitch Components

What Are the Components of a Weight Distribution System?

A weight distribution system requires 5 main components in order to operate:
  • Class III, IV, or V trailer hitch receiver rated for use with weight distribution
  • Weight distribution shank (slides into trailer hitch)
  • Weight distribution head assembly
  • Spring bars
  • Frame brackets
Trailer Hitch Receiver

1. Trailer Hitch Receiver

The trailer hitch receiver attaches to the frame of your vehicle and provides the receiver opening that the weight distribution shank slides into.
Weight Distribution Shank

2. Weight Distribution Shank

The weight distribution shank slides into your trailer hitch receiver and provides an attachment point for the weight distribution head assembly. Shanks are available in many lengths, drops, and rises to ensure your trailer is level with your vehicle.You can purchase a weight distribution hitch with a shank, or you can purchase a hitch without a shank and purchase the shank separately. Purchasing a shank separately would be a better choice, for instance, if you require a greater rise or drop than provided by the standard shank included in the kit.For more on finding your hitch rise or drop, check out our article here.
Weight Distribution Head Assembly

3. Weight Distribution Head Assembly

The head assembly type will differ between systems, so most won't look exactly alike. However, all head assemblies will attach to the weight distribution shank, provide a place to mount the hitch ball for trailer hookup, and provide the spring bar attachment point. The head assembly will also be used to fine-tune the amount of leverage applied to the system.Many standard head assemblies have built-in platforms for mounting friction sway control bars. Friction sway control bars mount to a smaller ball on the side of the weight distribution head. Some heads only have ball holes for a right-side attachment. Others, like those pictured below, have dual platforms so that you can mount a sway control bar on either side (or both sides) of your trailer.Many premium systems also feature sway control points in the head assembly itself for the most stable ride.
Weight Distribution Head Assembly
Weight distribution head assembly
Weight distribution head assembly with hitch ball and spring bars
Weight distribution head assembly with hitch ball and spring bars attached
Weight distribution head assembly with dual sway control
Weight distribution head assembly with dual sway control attachment points
Weight Distribution Spring Bars

4. Spring Bars

Spring bars apply leverage to your towing setup, thereby distributing the load on the rear of your vehicle to all the axles on your tow vehicle and trailer. Spring bars come in round, trunnion, and square shapes. Check out our article, Confidently Choose Your Weight Distribution Hitch - Here's 5 Tips , for help on choosing between them.
Weight Distribution Frame Brackets

5. Frame Brackets

Frame brackets mount to the frame of your trailer and are used to hold the spring bars in place.Various types of bracket designs are available. Standard weight distribution systems use a bracket and chain system to secure the spring bars to the trailer. However, many higher-end systems have specially designed sway-control brackets for additional trailer control.
Weight distribution standard snap-up bracket
Standard snap-up bracket
Friction sway control bracket
Friction sway control bracket
Save or Share This Idea
Related ProductsWritten by: Amber S Updated: 12/14/20

Jon H.

7/10/2024

I have a Trailmanor RV with a removable tongue. Can I still use a WDH? Or will that put to much strain on the tongue attachment points?

Etrailer Expert

Jameson C.

7/10/2024

@JonH I would say it's most likely no but you'd need to check with Trailmanor.

Dan P.

6/19/2024

Do I Need to re-adjust my hitch with everything loaded, both truck and RV? Since the dealer did everything empty. I purchased a 2022 brand new Venture Sonic 231vrl in April this year. RV is 26’-11” long, 4520 dry weight with max cargo carry capacity 1,340lbs and 540lbs dry tongue weight. My truck is a ram 2020 1500 crew cab half ton with 5.7 hemi. The dealer adjusted my hitch and weight distribution system which has chains for adjustments. They did everything with the RV empty and my truck empty, as in nothing loaded. Drove home 15 minute drive and all was fine. Took first trip 2 hour drive which was on a main thruway and it was like a white knuckle drive. So bad swaying and especially when tractor trailers went by or big rigs. My truck is 5,134lbs dry, door sticker says has cargo max weight 1830lbs, GVWR 7100lbs. Ram website says my trucks max towing is GCWR 13,900lbs based on my model and options. Plus I have Michelin defender LTX lt275/65r18 load range E. I believe I’m all within weight. Headed to CAT scales loaded next Monday next week. Any advice greatly appreciated.

Etrailer Expert

Kevin C.

6/19/2024

@DanP Each weight distribution hitch has a tongue weight capacity range that should allow for a safe towing experience whether loaded or unloaded. If the trailer followed perfectly while unloaded and then was swaying obnoxiously when loaded then it's either not the right hitch for your setup or it was installed incorrectly. Which hitch are you currently using?

Dan P.

6/19/2024

@KevinC Thank you for your reply. I guess when I say it drove perfect on the way home for the first time unloaded, it wasn’t a long drive, 15min. The hitch is a Curt, 8,000lbs gross trailer wt and 800lbs max tongue weight. The bars are round and insert from bottom and are chain links. The RV dealer that sold us the RV said it was okay for this RV as it weights 4500lbs dry with max pay Load of 1340lbs max
Etrailer Expert

Kevin C.

6/20/2024

@DanP It sounds like you have the Curt MV weight distribution hitch # C17051, which has a tongue weight range of 600 - 800lbs. The trailer fully loaded probably only has a tongue weight of 500 - 700lbs so when loaded you should fall within its range and not have an issue, unless it was setup incorrectly. The best course of action would be to go weight the trailer tongue weight when fully loaded so that we have a solid number to work with instead of guessing. From there I would remove the Curt MV # C17051 and reinstall it following Curt's directions. You can also check out the attached video below where Randy will walk you through the installation.
See All (8) Replies to Dan P. ∨

Kris

6/19/2024

Thank you for responding earlier. I understand a WDH helps prevent damage to towing vehicle, but can it harm the trailer? So much info is being put out that they harm your trailer….which I do not understand their logic. I think they are internet warriors with no real knowledge.

Etrailer Expert

Robin H.

6/19/2024

@Kris it will not harm the trailer. After looking this up it seems like the focus is on the frame getting damaged. If this was a concern I'm sure Lippert would say the use of weight distribution voids the warranty on the frame.

Kris

6/18/2024

Had a Wolf Pup 16FQ and pulled with Silverado 1500 using Blue Ox WDH. Up graded to Silverado 2500 and spouse keeps saying we no longer need WDH …….has been reading on line and you-tube. Everything I have ever seen, WDH recommended, esp if we get a larger trailer. Is there really ever a time that WDH not recommended in above scenario? I have never seen anyone pull with out WDH whether their truck was 1500 or 2500. (Esp any thing over 26 ft.)

Etrailer Expert

Robin H.

6/18/2024

@Kris if you fall under the "When Do You Need a Weight Distribution Hitch" list from above it is recommended. It looks like the GVWR of your current trailer is right at or just over 50% of your GVWR on the 2500. You can get away with not using one but I wouldn't unless you don't have a choice. If you get a larger trailer you're definitely going to want it. As long as it is properly rated for your tongue weight the WDH can only help. It can be easy to think you don't need it with the larger truck, the vehicle definitely makes a big difference in towing. However, your towing experience will still be better when you're level. As you probably already read above, this will improve handling and reduce unnecessary wear on your new truck. Since you already have the system I don't see a reason to not use it.

David C.

6/15/2024

I have a 3700 GVWR single axle travel trailer at the moment, a Lance 1475. I purchased it second hand and the previous owner was using a Fastway e2 hitch with a 6000/600 rating. I was towing this trailer with a 2021 Silverado 1500 and usually used the weight distribution hitch for highway-speed trips since I had it. I've since traded into a Ford F250 in preparation for a small 5th wheel purchase, but will still tow the Lance in the meantime. At the very least I'll need a 2.5" to 2" shank adapter for my current setup. The more that I read and YouTube binge on facts surrounding weight distribution hitches I'm thinking that it really wouldn't be necessary with the F250, and more so may actually be counter intuitive given that the nature of the way this hitch works, it's exerting pressure on the rather thin frame of the trailer. Given that I often tow off road or on dirt/gravel roads with the Lance, I'm inclined to forgo the weight distribution setup (obviously ensuring that the trailer is properly loaded) and just use a good quality traditional drop hitch. Any thoughts or insight you could provide would be greatly appreciated. Thanks very much!

Etrailer Expert

Kevin C.

6/17/2024

@DavidC A larger capacity truck can lessen the need for a weight distribution hitch so you could honestly stop using it if you're not sagging or experiencing sway. There are other options to help support your suspension and prevent sagging. Some SumoSpring jounce springs would help support the load, prevent side-to-side swaying, and cushion the ride over dirt/gravel roads all without affecting your unloaded ride quality. If you're interested in some suspension enhancement then let me know what the year your F-250 is.